> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://thisispiggy.gitbook.io/my-wiki/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://thisispiggy.gitbook.io/my-wiki/01-step-1/reproductive/male-pathology.md).

# Male Pathology

## Congenital disorders of the Penis

### Hypospadius and Epispadius

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Hypospadias%20is,%20association/README.md)Condition caused by **failure of the urethral folds to fuse completely**, which leads to an external urethral orifice open on the **ventral surface** of the penis.,

* Associated with **chordee** (poorly developed penis that curves ventrally)
* More common than epispadias
* Surgically corrected to prevent UTIs

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/vaIjHDA.jpg)

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Epispadias%20is,%20association/README.md)Condition caused by faulty positioning of the **genital tubercle** during development, which leads to an external urethral orifice open on the **dorsal surface** of penis.

* Associated with **exstrophy of the bladder**.,

Mnemonic: **E**pi, pee in your **E**ye, associated with **E**xstrophy

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/j7zEk5W.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/So91OvJ.jpg)

### Condyloma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

#### Condyloma

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Condyloma%20Acuminatum%20of%20penis%20causes,%20risks,%20locations/README.md)Condyloma: Due to HPV 6 and 11 Condyloma: ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/xCzTtk5.jpg) Condyloma: stuck on appearance ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/IT7isJT.jpg) Condyloma histology ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/iggmjTz.jpg) ..

#### SCC

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Squamous%20cell%20carcinoma%20of%20penis%20cause,%20risks,%20locations/README.md)Malignant proliferation of the squamous cells of penile skin. The current risk factors include:

* **HPV 16, 18 serotypes** (2/3 of cases)
* **Lack of circumcision:** foreskin acts as a nidus for inflammation and irritation if not properly cleaned and maintained.
* Uncommon in USA
* Very rare in circumcised individuals
* **Presents most commonly on the glans penis or mucosal prepuce**..

  ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/YVamFJm.jpg) ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/vRUzGar.jpg) ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/ljHZw8o.jpg) Full thickness dysplasia: ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/zekoWoa.jpg)

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/SCC%20spread/README.md)Slow growth and **local metastases to regional lymph node**.,

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/SCC%20precursor%20lesions%20and%20their%20locations/README.md)Precursor in situ lesions:

* Bowen disease: penile shaft, scrotum. Presents as leukoplakia
* Erythroplasia of Queyrat: glans. Presents as erythroplakia
* Bowenoid papulosis: Presents as multiple reddish papules; seen in younger patients compared to other two (40s); doesn't progress to invasive carcinoma..

### Bowen's Disease

\[\_]\(Bowen's Disease of the penis, demographics, symptoms, association)Precursor CIS (carcinoma in situ) that has the potential to invade.

* **Presents as a single plaque (leukoplakia) on shaft of the penis or scrotum**.
* Affects men greater than the age of 40
* Associated with visceral malignancies.,

### Erythroplasia of Queyrat

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Erythroplasia%20of%20Queyrat%20of%20the%20penis,%20demographics,%20symptoms,%20association/README.md)Precursor CIS (carcinoma in situ) that has the potential to invade.

* **Presents as a single erythematous plaque involving the mucosal surface of the glans penis or prepuce**
* Affects men greater than the age of 40. Erythroplakia.
* NO association with visceral malignancies (in contrast to Bowen's Disease).,

  ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/VoSnLph.jpg)

### Bowenoid Papulosis

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Bowenoid%20Papulosis%20of%20the%20penis%20demographics,%20symptoms,%20association/README.md)Precursor CIS (carcinoma in situ) that *does not* have the potential to invade, and thus does not progress to squamous cell carcinoma.

* **Presents as multiple pigmented, red-brown verrucoid (wart-like) lesions resembling condyloma acuminatum on external genitalia**
* Affects younger men.,

  ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/A3RdnDt.jpg)

## Other disorders of the Penis

### Peryonie's Disease

\[\_]\(Peyronie's disease is) **Subcutaneous fibrosis of the penis** that leads to curvature in any (lateral) direction. ("Painful erection in wrong direction")., ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/Jp5tJen.jpg) ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/4H9IENT.jpg)

### Phimosis

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Phimosis%20is,%20cause,%20and%20treatment/README.md)Condition that most commonly occurs in uncircumcised men where the **orifice of the prepuce is too small to retract over head of penis**, leading to an increased risk of infection. Could be congenital or acquired (poor hygiene leads to chronic inflammation and scarring).,

* Treatment: circumcision

  ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/9fsbZjv.jpg) 

### Balanitis/Balanoposthitis

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Balanitis/Balanoposthitis%20is,%20cause/README.md)Condition that involves **inflammation of the prepuce and glans penis**.,

* common in uncircumcised men with poor hygiene
* causative aent: C. albicans, anaerobic bacteria

### Priapism

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Priapism%20is%20and%20causes/README.md)**Persistent abnormal erection of the penis that is not associated with sexual arousal**. Common etiologies include:

* **Sickle cell anemia** (viscous blood)
* **Trauma** (venous blood not oxygenated = engorgement)
* **Drugs** (e.g. **trazodone: "trazo-BONE")** (antidepressants and antipsychotics)
* **Spinal cord injury**

  Urologic emergency: can infarct penis.,

  ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/detm3P5.jpg) 

## Diseases of Scrotum

### Fournier's Gangrene

\[\_]\(Fournier's Gangrene, cause, symptoms)Bacterial infection caused by Staph/Strep, resulting in necrotizing fasciitis of scrotum.,

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/EzcLzzN.jpg)