# Male Pathology ## Congenital disorders of the Penis ### Hypospadius and Epispadius [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Hypospadias%20is,%20association/README.md)Condition caused by **failure of the urethral folds to fuse completely**, which leads to an external urethral orifice open on the **ventral surface** of the penis., * Associated with **chordee** (poorly developed penis that curves ventrally) * More common than epispadias * Surgically corrected to prevent UTIs ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/vaIjHDA.jpg) [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Epispadias%20is,%20association/README.md)Condition caused by faulty positioning of the **genital tubercle** during development, which leads to an external urethral orifice open on the **dorsal surface** of penis. * Associated with **exstrophy of the bladder**., Mnemonic: **E**pi, pee in your **E**ye, associated with **E**xstrophy ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/j7zEk5W.jpg) ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/So91OvJ.jpg) ### Condyloma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma #### Condyloma [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Condyloma%20Acuminatum%20of%20penis%20causes,%20risks,%20locations/README.md)Condyloma: Due to HPV 6 and 11 Condyloma: ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/xCzTtk5.jpg) Condyloma: stuck on appearance ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/IT7isJT.jpg) Condyloma histology ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/iggmjTz.jpg) .. #### SCC [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Squamous%20cell%20carcinoma%20of%20penis%20cause,%20risks,%20locations/README.md)Malignant proliferation of the squamous cells of penile skin. The current risk factors include: * **HPV 16, 18 serotypes** (2/3 of cases) * **Lack of circumcision:** foreskin acts as a nidus for inflammation and irritation if not properly cleaned and maintained. * Uncommon in USA * Very rare in circumcised individuals * **Presents most commonly on the glans penis or mucosal prepuce**.. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/YVamFJm.jpg) ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/vRUzGar.jpg) ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/ljHZw8o.jpg) Full thickness dysplasia: ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/zekoWoa.jpg) [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/SCC%20spread/README.md)Slow growth and **local metastases to regional lymph node**., [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/SCC%20precursor%20lesions%20and%20their%20locations/README.md)Precursor in situ lesions: * Bowen disease: penile shaft, scrotum. Presents as leukoplakia * Erythroplasia of Queyrat: glans. Presents as erythroplakia * Bowenoid papulosis: Presents as multiple reddish papules; seen in younger patients compared to other two (40s); doesn't progress to invasive carcinoma.. ### Bowen's Disease \[\_]\(Bowen's Disease of the penis, demographics, symptoms, association)Precursor CIS (carcinoma in situ) that has the potential to invade. * **Presents as a single plaque (leukoplakia) on shaft of the penis or scrotum**. * Affects men greater than the age of 40 * Associated with visceral malignancies., ### Erythroplasia of Queyrat [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Erythroplasia%20of%20Queyrat%20of%20the%20penis,%20demographics,%20symptoms,%20association/README.md)Precursor CIS (carcinoma in situ) that has the potential to invade. * **Presents as a single erythematous plaque involving the mucosal surface of the glans penis or prepuce** * Affects men greater than the age of 40. Erythroplakia. * NO association with visceral malignancies (in contrast to Bowen's Disease)., ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/VoSnLph.jpg) ### Bowenoid Papulosis [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Bowenoid%20Papulosis%20of%20the%20penis%20demographics,%20symptoms,%20association/README.md)Precursor CIS (carcinoma in situ) that *does not* have the potential to invade, and thus does not progress to squamous cell carcinoma. * **Presents as multiple pigmented, red-brown verrucoid (wart-like) lesions resembling condyloma acuminatum on external genitalia** * Affects younger men., ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/A3RdnDt.jpg) ## Other disorders of the Penis ### Peryonie's Disease \[\_]\(Peyronie's disease is) **Subcutaneous fibrosis of the penis** that leads to curvature in any (lateral) direction. ("Painful erection in wrong direction")., ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/Jp5tJen.jpg) ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/4H9IENT.jpg) ### Phimosis [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Phimosis%20is,%20cause,%20and%20treatment/README.md)Condition that most commonly occurs in uncircumcised men where the **orifice of the prepuce is too small to retract over head of penis**, leading to an increased risk of infection. Could be congenital or acquired (poor hygiene leads to chronic inflammation and scarring)., * Treatment: circumcision ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/9fsbZjv.jpg) ### Balanitis/Balanoposthitis [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Balanitis/Balanoposthitis%20is,%20cause/README.md)Condition that involves **inflammation of the prepuce and glans penis**., * common in uncircumcised men with poor hygiene * causative aent: C. albicans, anaerobic bacteria ### Priapism [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Reproductive/Priapism%20is%20and%20causes/README.md)**Persistent abnormal erection of the penis that is not associated with sexual arousal**. Common etiologies include: * **Sickle cell anemia** (viscous blood) * **Trauma** (venous blood not oxygenated = engorgement) * **Drugs** (e.g. **trazodone: "trazo-BONE")** (antidepressants and antipsychotics) * **Spinal cord injury** Urologic emergency: can infarct penis., ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/detm3P5.jpg) ## Diseases of Scrotum ### Fournier's Gangrene \[\_]\(Fournier's Gangrene, cause, symptoms)Bacterial infection caused by Staph/Strep, resulting in necrotizing fasciitis of scrotum., ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/EzcLzzN.jpg) --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://thisispiggy.gitbook.io/my-wiki/01-step-1/reproductive/male-pathology.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.