01 Bacteria

Structures

Cell Wall

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.,

• Gm +: thicker peptidoglycan cell wall, take up stain

• Gm -: outer membrane unique

Peptidoglycan

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.,

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Unique Cell Wall

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Cell Membrane

_ECT and oxidative phosphorylation in bacteria happens here. Contains enzymes and carrier molecules.,

Gm positive membrane

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Gm negative membrane

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• Periplasm also contains peptidoglycan

• Pts very very sick with gram negative bacteria

LPS

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• on outer membrane of gm -

• Lipid A makes patients sick

Capsules

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• SHiNE SKiS

Quellung reaction

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Immune reaction against capsules

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• Capsules resistance to phagocytosis

• opsonin marks for phagocytes

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• also sickle cell anemia: functional asplenia

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Glycocalyx

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Pili and fimbria

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• Neisseria: recurrent infections

Flagellum

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Plasmids

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Ribosomes

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Spores

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• like seeds

Spore forming bacteria

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Shapes

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• vibrio: curved

Pleomorphic and obligate intracellular:

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Cocci

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Rods

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Stains

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.,

• gram +: purple (Positive for Purple)

• gram -: red

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• Iodine: all cells become purple

• Decolorization: only gram + retain color

[_](example bacteria that don't stain well)

• mycobacteria: acid fasting..

Giemsa

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Ziehl-Neelsen

_Aka acid fasting.,

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Silver stain

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India Ink

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• used for fungi in yeast form

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• actinomyces: long branching, jaw abscess