01 Knee

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• patella: in front of knee. Knee cap

• menisci: cushings

Bones

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• where femur meets knee joint: 2 condyles

• tibia also has condyles

• tibial tuberosity: ligament attach to patella inserts here

Ligaments

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ACL

• pull tibia forward in lower leg restricted

PCL

• find patellar first

• top bone: femur

• bottom bone: tibia

• left pic: black line attaching to anterior tibia (anterior cruciating)

• right pic: black line attach to posterior tibia (posterior cruciating)

Collateral

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• valgus: distal bone in joint moves away from midline. V for upside down V

MCL

LCL

• does not attach to tibia but fibula

Menisci

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• MRI: triangular black triangles on either side of knee

Injury

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ACL

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• NFL football

• ACL resists forward movement

PCL

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• car crash, knee into dashboard, push lower leg backward

• increased backward movement of the tibia against a fixed femur

MCL

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• push knee medially or pull laterally

• tackle in football or just twisted

• test: passively move leg into valgus position: medial space widens

Unhappy Triad

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• foot planted, someone wacks from side, pushes knee medially

LCL

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• difficult to injure, need force on inside of knee

• massive trauma that damages everything

Meniscus

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• A meniscus injury typically shows a small joint effusion and crepitus, locking, or catching with range of motion.

Others

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• joints often surrounded by bursa

• slippery cushings

[_](baker's cyst cause, symptoms)..

• any injury would cause cyst from communication of synovium and bursa

• degenerative osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis

• white

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