My Wiki
  • Introduction
  • 01 Step 1
    • Antimicrobials
      • 01 Cell Wall And Membrane
      • 02 Protein Synthesis
      • 03 Others
      • 04 Antimicrobials
    • Behavior Science
      • Development
      • Public Health Copy
      • Public Health
    • Biochemistry
      • 01 DNA Structure
      • 02 Purine
      • 03 Pyrimidine
      • 04 Glucose
      • 05 Glycolysis
      • 06 Gluconeogenesis
      • 07 Glycogen
      • 08 HMP Shunt
      • 09 Fructose And Galactose
      • 10 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
      • 11 TCA
      • 12 ETC
      • 13 FA
      • 14 Ketones
      • 15 Ethanol
      • 17 Inborn Errors
      • Ammonia
      • B Vitamins
      • Lysosomal Storage Diseases
      • Other Vitamins
    • Cardiology
      • 01 Cardiac Anatomy
      • 01 Cardiac Embryology
      • 02 Heart Physiology
      • 03 Congenital Heart Disease
      • 04 Cardiac Cycle
      • 06 PV Loop
      • 07 Wiggers And Venous
      • 09 Starling
      • 10 Cardiac Ischemia
      • 11 Stable Angina
      • 14 EKG Basics
      • 15 EKG Others
      • 15 High Yield EKG
      • 16 Cardiac AP
      • 17 BBB
      • 21 Antiarrhythmics
      • 22 Heart Murmurs
      • 23 Heart Sounds
      • 24 HF Basics
      • 25 Systolic Diastolic HF
      • 26 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
      • 27 Acute HF
      • 28 Chronic HF
      • 30 Shunts
      • 31 Congenital Heart Disease
      • 32 Hypertension
      • 33 Antihypertensives
      • 34 Valvular Disease
      • 35 Shock
      • 36 Pericardial Disease
      • 37 Aortic Dissection
      • 38 Cardiac Tumors
      • 39 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
      • 40 Endocarditis
      • Chest Pain
    • Cell
      • 01 DNA
      • 02 DNA Mutation
      • 03 DNA Repair
      • 04 Transcription
      • 05 Translation
      • 06 PCR
      • Cell Cycle
      • Cell Structure
      • CT
      • Cytoskeleton
    • Endocrinology
      • 01 Thyroid
      • 02 Thyroid Disorders
      • 03 Adrenal Gland
      • 04 Adrenal Disorders
      • 05 CAH
      • 06 Pituitary Anatomy
      • 07 Pituitary Secretions
      • 08 Pituitary Pathology
      • 10 Endocrine Pancreas
      • 11 Diabetes
      • 12 Diabetes Treatment
      • 13 Insulin
      • 14 Parathyroid
      • 15 MEN
    • Genetics
      • 01 Genetic Principles
      • 02 Gene Mapping
      • 03 Meiosis
      • 04 Hardy
      • 05 Pedigree
      • 06 Imprinting
      • 07 Down
      • 08 Trisomy
      • 09 AD
      • Deletion
      • Trinucleotide Disorders
    • GI
      • 01 Embryology
      • 02 GI Anatomy
      • 03 GI Blood
      • 04 GI Tract
      • 05 Liver Gallbladder Pancreas
      • 06 Salivary
      • 07 Hernia
      • 08 Bile
      • 09 Bilirubin
      • 10 GI Secretion
      • 11 GI Hormones
      • 12 Exocrine Pancreas
      • 13 Esophageal Disorders
      • 14 Liver Disease
      • 15 Cirrhosis
      • 16 Liver Tumors
      • [17 Wilson S](01 Step 1/GI/17 Wilson's.md)
      • 18 Gallstones
      • 19 Biliary Disorders
      • 20 Gastric
      • 21 Malabsorption
      • 22 Acute Pancreatitis
      • 23 Chronic Pancreatitis
      • 24 Intestinal Disorders
      • 25 IBD
      • 26 Colon Cancer
    • Heme
      • 01 Coagulation
      • 02 Platelets
      • 03 Hypercoagulable States
      • 04 Coagulopathies
      • 05 Platelet Disorders
      • 06 Antiplatelet
      • 08 Hemolysis Basics
      • 09 Extrinsic Hemolysis
      • 10 Intrinsic Hemolysis
      • 11 Microcytic Anemia
      • 12 Thalassemia
      • 13 Sickle Cell
      • 14 Other Anemias
      • 15 Blood Groups
      • 16 Acute Leukemia
      • 17 Chronic Leukemia
      • 18 Hodgkin Lymphoma
      • 19 Nonhodgkin Lymphoma
      • 20 Plasma Cell Disorders
      • 21 Amyloidosis
      • 22 Myeloproliferative
      • 23 Porphyrias
    • Immunology
      • 01 Innate Immunity
      • 02 T Cells
      • 03 B Cells
      • 04 Complement
      • 05 Spleen
      • Antibodies
      • Glucocorticoids
      • Hypersensitivity
      • Immune Deficiencies
      • Immunosuppressants
      • Lupus
      • Rheumatoid Arthritis
      • Scleroderma
      • Sjogren
      • Transplants
      • Vasculitis
    • Infectious Disease
      • 01 Bacteria
      • 02 Bacteria Culture
      • 03 Bacteria Virulence
      • 04 Virus Structure
      • 05 Bacterial Genetics
      • Malaria
      • Virus Sturcture
    • Microbes
      • 01 Gm Positive Cocci
      • 02 Gm Positive Bacilli
      • 03 Gm Negative Cocci
      • 04 Gm Negative Enteric Bacilli
      • 05 Gm Negative Respiratory Bacilli
      • 06 Gm Negative Zoonotic Bacilli
      • 07 Mycobacterium
      • 08 Spirochetes
      • 09 Gm Indeterminate
      • 10 Parasites
      • 11 Virus
      • Fungi
      • Herpes
      • Sketchy
      • Strep
    • MSK
      • 01 Bone Disorders
      • 01 Knee
      • 02 Shoulder
      • 03 Brachial
      • 04 Wrist
      • 05 Hand
      • 06 Lumbosacral
      • 07 Hip
      • 08 Bone Biology
      • 09 Skeletal Muscles
      • Dermatomes
    • Neurology
      • 01 CNS Cells
      • 02 Wallerian Degeneration
      • 03 BBB
      • 04 Neurotransmitters
      • 06 Cerebral Cortex
      • 07 Spinal Cord
      • 08 Spinal Cord Syndromes
      • 09 Brainstem
      • 10 Cranial Nerves
      • 11 Auditory System
      • 12 Vestibular System
      • 13 Thalamus
      • 14 Cerebellum
      • 15 Basal Ganglia
      • 16 Ventricles And Sinuses
      • 17 Cerebral And Lacunar Strokes
      • 18 Vertebrobasilar Stroke
      • 19 CNS Aneurysm
      • 20 Intracranial Bleeding
      • 21 Management Of Stroke
      • 25 Pupil
      • 26 Lens
      • 27 Retina
      • 30 Gaze Palsies
      • 31 Structural Eye Disorders
      • 32 Glaucoma
      • 36 Meningitis
      • 37 Seizures
      • 39 Dementia And Delirium
      • 40 Demyelinating Diseases
      • 41 Headaches
      • 42 Brain Tumors
      • 43 Movement Disorders
      • 44 CNS Infections
    • Pharm
      • 01 Autonomics
      • 02 Cardiorenal
      • 03 Blood
      • 04 Smooth Muscles
      • 05 GI
      • Analgesics
      • Antineoplastics
      • Cholinometics
      • CYP 450
      • Parkinson
      • Psych
      • Sedatives
    • Pharmacology
      • 01 Enzymes
      • 02 Inhibitors
      • 03 Dose
      • 04 Drug Elimination
      • 05 Pharmacokinetics
    • Pulmonary
      • 01 Pulmonary Anatomy
      • 02 Pulmonary Physiology
      • 03 Hemoglobin
      • 04 Pulmonary Circulation
      • 05 Hypoxia
      • 06 Ventilation
      • 07 CO 2
      • 08 Pulmonary Exam
      • 09 PFT
      • 10 Obstructive
      • 11 Restrictive
      • 12 COPD Treatment
      • 13 Pneumonia
      • 14 Pleural Disease
      • 15 Lung Cancer
      • 16 Sleep Apnea
      • 17 Cystic Fibrosis
      • 18 TB
      • 19 Sarcoidosis
      • 20 PE
      • 21 Xray
    • Renal
      • 01 Renal Embryology
      • 02 Renal Anatomy
      • 03 Renal Physiology 1
      • 04 Renal Physiology II
      • 05 Nephron Physiology
      • 06 Renal Endocrine
      • 07 Acid Excretion
      • 08 Acid Base Principles
      • 09 Respiratory Disorders
      • 10 Metabolic Disorders
      • 11 RTA
      • 12 Metabolic Acidosis
      • 13 Electrolytes
      • 14 Na And Water
      • 15 Na Disorders
      • 16 Glomerulonephritis Principles
      • 17 Nephritic Syndrome
      • 18 Nephrotic Syndrome
      • 19 MPGN
      • 20 Tubulointerstitial Disease
      • 21 Renal Failure
      • 22 UTI
      • 23 Cystic Kidney
      • 24 Diuretics
      • 25 Renal Stones
      • 26 Renal Tumors
      • 27 Rhabdomyolysis
      • 28 Pathogenesis
    • Reproductive
      • Breast Disorders
      • Breast
      • Candida Albicans
      • Chlamydia Trachomatis
      • Disorders Of Sexual Differentiation
      • Female Pathology
      • Female Reproductive Embryology And Anatomy
      • Gardnerella Vaginalis
      • HPV
      • Male Anatomy
      • Male Pathology
      • Neoplastic Ovarian Pathology
      • Ovarian Pathology
      • Pharyngeal Arches
      • Preeclampsia
      • Testicular Pathology
      • Treponema Pallidu
      • Trichomonas Vaginalis
    • Uworld
      • Uworld Notes 2
      • Uworld Notes 3
      • Uworld Notes
  • 02 Step 2
    • Family
      • A Complicated Pregnancy
      • A Healthy Pregnancy
      • AAFP Questions
      • Derm
      • Family Planning
      • Labor
      • Postpartum Complications
      • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • Internal
      • 01 Cardiology
      • 01 EKG
      • 02 Pulmonary
      • 02 Pulmonary 2
      • 03 Pediatric
      • 04 Dermatology
      • 05 Endocrine
      • 06 GI
      • 07 Heme
      • 07 Heme 2
      • 08 Infectious Disease
      • 09 Fluid
      • 09 Nephrology
      • 09 Nephrology 2
      • 10 Ortho
      • 11 Cardiac Arrest
      • Exam
      • Uworld 2
      • Uworld
    • Neuro
      • Alpha Synuclens
      • Anatomy
      • Back Pain
      • Brain
      • CNS Infections
      • Coma
      • Dementia And Movement
      • Dementia
      • Dizziness
      • Eye Problems
      • Headache
      • Localization
      • Malignancies
      • Neuro Exam
      • Neuromuscular
      • Neuropathy
      • Others
      • Overview
      • Seizures Notes
      • Seizures
      • Spinal Cord Syndromes
      • Stroke Meded
      • Stroke
      • Tremors
      • Uworld Neuro Notes
    • OB
      • 01 Abnormal Pap
      • 01 Cancer
      • OB Cases
      • OB Uworld
    • Pediatrics
      • 01 Newborn Management
      • 02 NICU
      • 03 Failure To Pass Meconium
      • 04 Emesis
      • 05 Neonatal Jaundice
      • 06 Congenital Defect
      • Well Child
      • Vaccines
      • 09 SIDS
      • 10 Trauma
      • 11 Child Abuse
      • 12 Rashes
      • 13 Peds ID
      • 14 Allergies
      • 15 ENT
      • 16 Upper Airway
      • 17 Lower Airway
      • 18 Seizures
      • 19 GI Bleed
      • 20 CT Surgery
      • 21 Orthopedics
      • 22 Ophthalmology
      • Pediatric Nephrology
      • Pediatric Sickle Cell
      • 25 Immunodeficiency
      • Ambulatory
      • Genetic Syndromes
      • Misc
      • Neonatal Rashes
      • Newborn Nursery
      • Pretest Adolescent
      • Pretest Cardiorespiratory
      • Pretest Endocrine
      • Pretest GI
      • Pretest Infectious Disease
      • Pretest Neuro
      • Pretest Newborn
      • Pretest
      • PTT Vs Anti Xa
      • Uworld
      • Wards
    • Psych
      • Anxiety Disorders
      • Childhood Psychiatry
      • Dementia Delirium
      • Dissociative Disorders
      • Eating Disorders
      • EEG
      • Factitious Disorders
      • Impuse Control
      • Legal Psychiatry
      • Mood Disorders
      • Nonpharm Treatment
      • Personality Disorders
      • Psychiatric Exams
      • Psychopharmacology
      • Psychosis Ddx
      • Psychotic Disorders
      • Sexual Disorders
      • Sleep Disorders
      • Substance Abuse
      • Uworld Psych
      • Week 2
    • Surgery
      • 01 Ethics
      • 01 Trauma
      • 02 Colorectal
      • 02 Pediatric
      • 03 Burns
      • 03 Gyn
      • 04 Postoperative
      • 05 Preoperative
      • 06 Trauma
      • 07 Burns
      • 08 Cardiology
      • 09 Colorectal
      • 10 Dermatology
      • 11 Endocrine
      • 12 ENT
      • 13 ER
      • 14 General Surgery
      • 15 GI
      • 17 Infectious Disease
      • 18 Nephrology
      • 19 Neuroendocrine Tumors
      • 20 Orthopedics
      • 21 Pulmonary
      • 22 Shock
      • 23 Transplant
      • 24 Urology
      • 25 Breasts
      • 25 Vascular
      • Fluids
      • GI Autonomics
      • Notes
      • Review
    • Uworld
      • Class Notes
      • Step 2 Uworld 1
      • Uworld 2
      • Uworld 3
      • Uworld 4
      • Uworld 5
  • 03 Residency
    • 01 Insulin
    • 02 ICU
    • 03 Electrolytes
    • 04 Sedation
    • 05 Wards
    • 06 Acid Base
    • Orientation Notes
    • Prescription Writing
Powered by GitBook
On this page
  • Tetracycline
  • MRSA empirical treatment
  • Clindamycin
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Linezolid
  • Aminoglycosides

Was this helpful?

  1. 01 Step 1
  2. Antimicrobials

02 Protein Synthesis

Previous01 Cell Wall And MembraneNext03 Others

Last updated 5 years ago

Was this helpful?

Tetracycline

  • Bicycle: tetracycline

  • Typewriter: acts on bacterial ribosome, inhibiting translation

  • Paper jam: bacteriostatic

  • 30 sec timer: binds reversibly to 30S ribosomal subunit

  • prism: broad spectrum

  • Bicyclist coughing: taken orally

  • sewage pipe: eliminated fecally, safe in renal failure patients and no dose adjustments

  • No mercy pharaoh: activity against methicillin resistant Staph aureus (MRSA)

  • Ticks: activity against tick borne bacteria (e.g. Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Franisella, Borrelia)

  • Bruce the cow: activity against Brucella

  • Sheep with heart bell: treats culture negative endocarditis caused by Coxiella

  • fleas: activity against Yersinia

  • clam seat: treats chlamydial cervicitis and urethritis

  • uterus shape: treats chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease

  • clam bra: treats chlamydial bronchitis and atypical pneumonia

  • cross country skier: treats atypical “walking” pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma

  • white capped mountains: treats acne

  • medals: multivalent cations (e.g. calcium, iron, magnesium) decrease absorption

  • bike pump: resistance via efflux pumps

Tetracycline resistance can occur through a decrease in intracellular concentrations of the drug (by increased efflux or decreased influx) and via synthesis of a protein that allows ribosomes to perform translation even in the presence of the antibiotic.

  • Causes tooth discoloration in young children (Ca deposits in newborn teeth)

  • Tarantula: deposits in fetal teeth and bone - teratogenic

  • mud puddle: GI side effects (e.g. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)

  • sensitive photos: photosensitivity

  • Fan cone: Fanconi syndrome (type 2 RTA) associated with use of expired tetracyclines

MRSA empirical treatment

pto, vanco, linelolid.. #Macrolide

  • Crow: macrolide

  • Typewriter: acts on bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting translocation

  • Paper jam: bacteriostatic

  • Red crow: erythromycin

  • A-Z: azithromycin

  • Keep clear: clarithromycin

  • Boarded soldier: treats Bordetella pertussis

  • Family photo: prophylaxis for Bordetella pertussis in close contacts

  • Rusty chest plate: azithromycin and clarithromycin treat community acquired pneumonia

    caused by Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis

  • Pencil wound: macrolides can be used in patients with a h/o penicillin allergy

  • Cold walking snowshoer: azithromycin treats atypical “walking” pneumonia caused by

    Mycoplasma pneumoniae

  • Legion of ships: azithromycin treats atypical “walking" pneumonia caused by Legionella

  • Clam lady: azithromycin treats atypical “walking” pneumonia caused by Chlamydia

    pneumoniae

  • Clam lady: azithromycin treats urethritis and cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

  • Bart the leopard: azithromycin treats infections with Bartonella henselae (e.g. cat scratch

    fever

  • Caged mockingbird: azithromycin and clarithromycin have activity against mycobacterium

    avium

  • Azithromycin prophylaxis with patients with CD4 < 50

  • Oral erythromycin treats neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia caused by Chlamydia

    trachomatis

  • Dripping wax: erythromycin drops treat neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Neisseria

    gonorrhoeae

  • Bull neck: erythromycin treats diphtheria

  • Vampire babe: clarithromycin plus atovaquone treats babesiosis

  • Helicopter: clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and a PPI as triple therapy for Helicobacter pylon infection

  • Brown puddle: increased GI motility

  • yellow face: Acute cholestatic hepatitis causing jaundice

  • Torsades strip: prolonged Q-T

  • Broken chrome bumper: cytochrome P-450 inhibition.,

Clindamycin

  • Keep clean: clindamycin

  • Typewriter: acts on the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting translocation

  • Paper jam: bacteriostatic

  • Purple coccoid dumbbells: activity against Staph and Strep

  • Gasmask: anaerobic coverage

  • pie and red puffy glove: treats Strep pyogenes (group A strep) soft tissue infections (e.g. cellulitis)

  • Lung stains with holes: excellent penetration into abscesses (e.g. lung)

  • Choking on Bacteraid: treats oral infections and aspiration pneumonia caused by

    Bacteroides fragilis

  • Perforated pants: activity against Clostridium perfringens

  • Snow-capped mountains: topical clindamycin treats moderate to severe inflammatory acne

  • Uterus machine: clindamycin plus gentamicin treat polymicrobial female genital tract infections (e.g. endometritis)

  • Judo practitioner with sai: gentamicin paired with clindamycin for broad coverage

  • Venus fly trap garden: treats bacterial vaginosis caused by Garderella vaginalis

  • Brown puddle: diarrhea

  • Brown geyser: pseudomembranous colitis caused by Clostridium difficile

  • aspiration pneumonia: important cause of lung abscess

  • reduced consciousness: alcoholics, anesthetized, upper GI disorders (dysphagia), upper GI

  • seizures (intubation, NG tube)

  • Clinda for anaerobes above diagphragm

  • Metronidazole for anaerobes below

Chloramphenicol

  • Typewriter: acts on bacterial ribosome (binds 50s), inhibiting peptide bond formation and halting translation

  • Paper jam: bacteriostatic

  • Meningitis space helmet: empiric treatment for meningitis in developing countries (e.g. Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis)

  • Earth ball: used in developing countries

  • Spotted hand and foot rock climber: alternative agent in serious rickettsial infections (e.g. Rocky Mountain spotted fever - tick borne disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsiae) (doxy CI in pregnancy)

  • Deflated inner tubes: anemia due to dose related reversible suppression of RBC production

  • Plastic bone: aplastic anemia

  • Grey baby syndrome - accumulation of the drug in newborns (due to ineffective glucuronic

    acid conjugation system) causes flaccidity, hypothermia, shock.,

Linezolid

  • Police line: linezolid

  • Typewriter: binds to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing formation of initiation

    complex

  • Paper jam: bacteriostatic

  • Purple jewels in clusters and chains: activity against gram positive bacteria (Staph, Strep,

    Enterococcus)

  • No mercy pharaoh: activity against MRSA

  • Coughing nurse: treats nosocomial MRSA infections (e.g. hospital acquired pneumonia)

  • Resisting van: activity against vancomycin resistant bacterial strains

  • Diplococcus rock drums: activity against vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE)

  • Broken plates: thrombocytopenia

  • Cut security camera wire: optic neuropathy

  • Gloves and shoe-covers: stocking-glove peripheral neuropathy

  • Happy face: serotonin syndrome.,

Aminoglycosides

  • Sai: aminoglycoside

  • Kanji translators, tRNA hat: acts on the bacterial ribosome, halting translation

  • 30 min: binds irreversibly to the 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting formation of initiation complex

  • Smeared kanji: misreading of mRNA

  • Dead translator: bactericidal

  • Ninjutsu master: neomycin

  • Sai master: streptomycin

  • Cobra ninja: tobramycin (similar spectrum of activity as gentamicin)

  • Katana master: amikacin

  • Judo master: gentamicin.,

  • Ivy: IV administration

  • Neomycin: oral

  • Beta-lactam bomb: coupled with cell wall active drugs (e.g. beta- lactams, vancomycin)

  • Red bacilli bricks: activity against aerobic gram negative bacilli

  • Bellows: transported into bacteria via an oxygen dependent process (aerobic bacteria)

  • Secret colon tunnel: neomycin remains active in GI tract, given prophylatically before surgery

  • Double purple taiko drums: activity against enterococcus when coupled with a cell wall active agent (e.g. penicillin, vancomycin)

  • Rabbit ears: streptomycin treats tularemia caused by Francisella tularensis

  • Squirrels with fleas: streptomycin treats the plague caused by Yersinia pestis

  • Judo master: gentamicin treats resistant gram negative infections (e.g. Enterobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella)

  • Red Shogun: systemic gram negative infections (e.g septicemia, nosocomial RTI, complicated UTI, intra-abdominal infection)

  • Mona Lisa: activity against Pseudomonas (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin)

  • Inactivating ninja stars: inactivated by an acetylation enzyme (e.g. E. faecium againsttobramycin)

Aminoglycoside (eg, gentamicin) resistance develops through bacterial production of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that transfer different chemical groups (eg, acetyl groups, adenyl groups, phosphate groups) to the aminoglycoside antibiotic molecule outside of the bacterium, thereby decreasing the ability of the antibiotic to bind to ribosomes and exert its antimicrobial effects. This resistance is not chromosomally mediated; it is an acquired resistance mediated by plasmids or transposons.

  • Cracked gong: ototoxicity (vestibular or cochlear damage)

    • vertigo, lightheadnness, NV, ataxia, hearing loss

  • Sai in flank armor: nephrotoxicity

  • Rusty downspout draining muddy water: acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

    • muddy cast on urinalysis.,

  • Grave with postsynaptic outlet: myasthenia gravis is an absolute contraindication

  • Tarantula on gong: teratogenic - deafness in newborn.,