> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://thisispiggy.gitbook.io/my-wiki/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://thisispiggy.gitbook.io/my-wiki/01-step-1/microbes/03-gm-negative-cocci.md). # 03 Gm Negative Cocci ## Neisseria [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20species%20morphology/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/swA7xWX.jpg) * pink handcuff: Gram negative diplococci * blue ring: Oxidase positive * ferments glucose. Meningiditis also ferments maltose [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20species%20agar%20and%20plates/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/swA7xWX.jpg) * Vice City Private Investigator: Growth on VPN agar * Thayer Martin: Alternate name for VPN agar * Chocolate bar: Growth on chocolate agar The commonly used antibiotics are **vancomycin** to inhibit gram-positive bacteria, **colistin** (i.e., polymyxin) to inhibit gram-negative bacteria (commensal *Neisseria* species but not *N. meningitidis* or *N. gonorrhoeae)*, **nystatin** to inhibit yeast, and **trimethoprim** to inhibit the *Proteus* species. [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20species%20risk%20factor/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/swA7xWX.jpg) * Mac: Patients with C5-C9 deficiency are unable to form MAC complex, leading to increased infections * 5-9PM: C5-C9 deficiency [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20speices%20virulence%20factors%20and%20pili?/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/swA7xWX.jpg) * chains: Pili demonstrate antigenic variation. Fimbriae * card: IgA protease - cleaves IgA at hinge region ## Neisseria Meningiditis [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20meningiditis%20risks%20and%20demographics/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/GAqq1fM.jpg) * Dorm room: Easily spread in close quarters like college dorms * Communist flag: Sickle cell and asplenic patients at higher risk of infection [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20meningiditis%20features/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/GAqq1fM.jpg) * Malt liquor: Ferments maltose in addition to glucose. Compare with neisseria gonorrhea * plastic bags on floor: Polysaccharide capsule inhibits phagocytosis [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20meningiditis%20transmission%20and%20colonization/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/GAqq1fM.jpg) * Q tip: Colonizes nasopharynx first. Transmitted by respiratory secretions. [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20meningiditis%20vaccines,%20which%20type/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/GAqq1fM.jpg) * Syringe, A, C, D: Vaccine contains polysaccharide capsule * No syringe: Type B capsule not included in vaccine [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20meningiditis%20pathogenesis%20and%20symptoms/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/GAqq1fM.jpg) * Envelope burning: LOS envelope proteins cause inflammatory response * Water leaking: Inflammation leads to leaky capillaries * Electric circuit: Capillary leakage can lead to hypovolemia and shock * Underwear with red dots: Characteristic petechial rash indicates thrombocytopenia * Wet floor spots: Petechial rash from thrombocytopenia. Risk of DIC * Petechial rash from thrombocytopenia. Risk of DIC * Water house: Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, characterized by hemorrhage of adrenals (adrenal insufficiency, low bp, shock, DIC) [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20meningiditis%20treatment%20and%20prophylaxis/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/GAqq1fM.jpg) * Ceftriaxone treatment * Rifampin prophylaxis in close contacts ## Neisseria Gonorrhea [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20gonorrhea%20morphology/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/6JzMXKy.jpg) * Red pillows in white chairs: Gram negative diplococci, facultative intracellular in PMNs * Broken glass: not encapsulated [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20gonorrhea%20results%20and%20symptoms/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/6JzMXKy.jpg) * chandelier: Causes Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in females * white on table: Characteristic white purulent discharge * Band name: Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome: spread of PID into peritoneum * violin: Violin string adhesions form to capsule of liver * covering baby's eyes: Early onset conjunctivitis in newborns * cracked knee: Asymmetric arthritis, commonly in knee [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20gonorrhea%20treatment/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/6JzMXKy.jpg) * Ceftriaxone treatment * clam: Chlamydia coinfection, doxycyclinen and macrolide [\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Microbes/Neisseria%20gonorrhea%20transmission/README.md).. ![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/6JzMXKy.jpg) * woman at bar: Sexually Transmitted Infection (the sexual tension is palpable) ​