01 Pulmonary Anatomy
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RLL pneumonia
left: sharp angle
vomit and then pneumonia: usually right sided
supine: superior portion of right inferior lobe or posterior portion of right upper lobe
right PA: anterior to right bronchus
left PA: superior to left bronchus
caval foramen: IVC
esophageal hiatus: esophagus
aortic hiatus
dyspnea: can't contract diaphragm to breath
other side move down, push affected side up
quiet: diaphragm sole muscle
accessory muscles: in hospital, see pts contract neck/abd when breathing = respiratory distress
URI: does not involve lower respiratory tract (sinusitis, pharyngitis, etc.)
barrier to infection
clara: not in alveoli, in terminal bronchioles
surfactant: alveoli stay open when exhale
Laplace law
if pressure in sphere below distending pressure, alveoli collapse
low sphere: small radius, distending pressure high, takes more pressure to keep small sphere open, also more likely to collapse
when inhale, alveoli gets large; when exhale, gets smaller
result: when alveoli need the air to keep open, air leaves, distending pressure gets high
surfactant shrinks surface tension as radius falls during exhalation
when exhale, surfactant molecules gets closer, concentration higher, reduce surface tension
falling radius and surface tension offsets one another
NRDS if not mature
hyaline: glass like, what alveoli looks like
give O2: all goes to healthy alveoli, sick ones collapsed (shunting)
high glucose from mother stimulate baby's pancreas to make insulin
all related to O2
bronchopulmonary dysplasia: hyperplasia and fibrosis of airways (exposing premature lung to high O2 concentration, O2 toxicity)
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