01 Innate Immunity

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Innate vs adaptive

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• Innate immune response can react directly to invaders

• T cells require antigen presentation from APC

• If T cells can react to any thing, then autoimmune problems

Cytokines

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• interleukins: travel between leukocytes

CD

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Innate

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• Neutrophils on call to assist macrophages when needed

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• Virus have double stranded RNA and some single stranded RNA that transiently gets copied to double

• DNA in human is methylated; bacteria has unmethylated DNA

Macrophages

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• macrophages guards, ready to consume any foreigners

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Phagocytosis

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• proteases break down proteins, nucleases nucleotides, lysozymes cell wall

• tissue destruction from macrophages/neutrophils

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• TB modifies surface of phagosome

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Cytokines

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• macrophages 1st line of defense: IL-1

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• macrophages 1st line of defense: 1st IL

• IL1 raises set point temperature

• TNF-a kills tumors by causing coagulation in tumors, but can also cause DIC

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Neutrophils

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• backup cells to macrophages

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• SL X: carbohydrate

• Neutrophils always have SL X, normally nothing to bind to

• ICAM always on endothelial cells, normally can't bind anything

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• alk phos: low in some leukemias (CML)

• collagenase: breaks down collagen; lysozyme: breaks down cell wall; lactoferrin: found in breast milk and binds iron, lyse bacteria and kill cell in neutrophils

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• LTB4

Complement

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• alternative pathway: spontaneous conversion

NK cells

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ADCC

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• antibodies elements of adaptive immune system

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• NK part of innate; T/B part of adaptive

Eosinophils

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• positive charge picks up Eosin dye

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Basophils

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• helminths binds multiple IgE, triggering cross link and degranulation

Dendritic Cells

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• star shaped

• professional antigen presenters

• battle raging in tissue; dendritic cells pick up antigen to present to T cells

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