# 05 Glycolysis

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/41E0DC82-86AE-45D7-AE2B-4950CB75D85E.jpg)

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* red arrows: nonreversible

## Hexokinase/Glucokinase

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/1B2537B4-A6E3-48B0-A2FF-1D05C31B5B87.jpg)

* G6P traps glucose inside cell
* once high levels of G6P, stop: doesn't hoard glucose

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/8145CDFC-F0B4-41B0-B520-B27304739E7A.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/41842CE1-E93F-4C0A-989D-93C2275FC84B.jpg)

* anytime glucose level high, it is taken up and converted to G6P
* only time G6P inactive is low glucose and high F6P = fasting and gluconeogenesis

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/41638AB3-4CE1-4411-A4DC-406B11A47C82.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/F1E10612-6439-4166-AF3D-3AEDE06275E8.jpg)

* from cytosol to nucleus = inactive
* G6P will always be active in high glucose state, regardless of F6P

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/20C8142E-4D45-426A-8CF1-D6D085EC994D.jpg)

### Glucokinase Deficiency

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/3071ACB7-E70E-44C9-BD3E-C9EE180B9E9A.jpg)

* won't release insulin and won't take up glucose

## PFK 1

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/4CFCB2EE-830D-4949-BE7D-7FE3F03C88F7.jpg)

* committed step
* all the way to pyruvate

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/E1B7B3D4-31D8-465E-A1B1-F474D4373F35.jpg)

* F26BP: way insulin controls glycolysis

### F26BP

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/A35AA17E-2E3C-43F8-9837-6E11F3A19552.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/4B75112F-D16B-4F9D-AF22-86E9124D3311.jpg)

* glucagon leads to phosphorylation of PFK2/PBPase2

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/5C3EAEB6-79A7-4F0B-85E9-274FAFE2AE5C.jpg)

* insulin dephosphorylates PFK2, activating it
* insulin dephosphorylates F26BP, inactivating it

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/34C169B3-B95C-43F2-847C-0C476A51C7D3.jpg)

## Splitting

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/19F7DBE6-5F79-488B-9E88-CAB0CC8AAA75.jpg)

## Energy Stage

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/CCF9CDA8-4A20-4D01-B54E-24A2014288AF.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/A77A38DC-841E-4212-A15F-F4673DAF90BC.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/221B1D4A-1E5C-4C55-9AA8-42E949683B5C.jpg)

* alanine byproduct of degradation of protein
* liver sees alanine, inhibit pyruvate kinase and glycolysis to not use glucose

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/D88AB87C-92BA-4367-915B-05FC92D169D5.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/BBD5637D-7D83-495F-AEB7-331A319E13B3.jpg)

* regenerates NAD+ after use of 1st step to keep conducting glycolysis

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/AA139F79-EA4A-4238-AE9F-B5C6984C33F9.jpg)

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