05 Glycolysis



red arrows: nonreversible
Hexokinase/Glucokinase

G6P traps glucose inside cell
once high levels of G6P, stop: doesn't hoard glucose


anytime glucose level high, it is taken up and converted to G6P
only time G6P inactive is low glucose and high F6P = fasting and gluconeogenesis


from cytosol to nucleus = inactive
G6P will always be active in high glucose state, regardless of F6P

Glucokinase Deficiency

won't release insulin and won't take up glucose
PFK 1

committed step
all the way to pyruvate

F26BP: way insulin controls glycolysis
F26BP


glucagon leads to phosphorylation of PFK2/PBPase2

insulin dephosphorylates PFK2, activating it
insulin dephosphorylates F26BP, inactivating it

Splitting

Energy Stage



alanine byproduct of degradation of protein
liver sees alanine, inhibit pyruvate kinase and glycolysis to not use glucose


regenerates NAD+ after use of 1st step to keep conducting glycolysis








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