> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://thisispiggy.gitbook.io/my-wiki/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://thisispiggy.gitbook.io/my-wiki/01-step-1/biochemistry/11-tca.md).

# 11 TCA

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/D9E8AE9D-3204-4CA5-AC09-080BB4F04AC3.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/B65FE2AB-DF16-4C36-9EFF-FDF0AD18E069.jpg)

* products used where they are produced 

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/19F6E0E9-C078-48FF-ABEA-B1A63D41FFF1.jpg)

* acetyl coa donates 2 C to TCA that are removed as 2 CO2, no net difference in carbons
* acetyl coa cannot be converted to glucose that's made from oxaloacetate because it doesn't donate any extra carbons
* even chain FA can be converted to acetyl coa, cannot increase oxaloacetate or make glucose

## Citrate

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/6B362BF9-9C84-41BB-9990-80F465D942D0.jpg)

* irreversible, regulated by ATP
* citrate important indicator of energy levels inside cell. High levels of ATP inhibits citrate metabolism

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/E440A483-D26E-48D8-BD11-E962E21E3706.jpg)

* lowers level of oxaloactate for citrate synthase = less acetyl coa used
* high acetyl coa also from FA oxidation
* result: shunted towards ketone

## Isocitrate

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/A92C4486-A68E-433E-B610-EDEFB4B8C9F5.jpg)

## A Ketoglutarate

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/86E50DE1-B710-4E07-B4B0-2558DFCF09ED.jpg)

## Succinyl

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/1DE5FB75-1348-49FF-AF40-1F4EE01111A0.jpg)

* irreversible
* succinyl coa/NADH inhibit

## Succinate

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/B01546A2-2E85-4D36-9B29-E32FCEED62FC.jpg)

## Fumarate

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/70145D75-3B78-495C-A6BD-5F9BEF59AFEE.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/CACBFD65-107F-4E04-8B64-1CD7DD17C47D.jpg)

## Malate

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/1261827B-DAAF-447C-9E4F-E9AC84240B8E.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/83812596-71EC-40DA-B610-EEE4A4CA05E8.jpg)

* transport NADH in for ETC and oxaloacetate out for gluconeogenesis

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/E08229BD-1198-40C6-B6C1-C9EED3601C6D.jpg)

* donate electron from NADH to malate
* OAA regenerated outside via aspartate conversion

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/E6DEFF86-01BA-4FF1-8EBE-B65670B9634E.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/6F80AB0F-913C-447A-ABEB-ED5679D32C91.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/257F73E2-5A44-412F-B5A1-FB4C0A10887B.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/4B37EEF3-F5DA-40ED-9CD9-C0495564B074.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/52CC9C8C-AB90-466E-9559-2E6E5D704C46.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/384C9430-D397-431B-A75D-0AB086C273E5.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/233FE4B1-FFFC-400D-A33F-5CF6D9F9C2CC.jpg)