> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://thisispiggy.gitbook.io/my-wiki/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://thisispiggy.gitbook.io/my-wiki/01-step-1/pulmonary/15-lung-cancer.md).

# 15 Lung Cancer

## Epidemiology

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/cancer%20epidemiology/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/SSWikqQ.jpg)

* breast: most common for women
* prostate: most common for men
* lung: second most common for both men/women

## Risk

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/lung%20cancer%20risks/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/hTGvN7O.jpg)

* cigarettes contain **PAH**
* radiation to chest
* radon: naturally occurring substance get to homes through ground

## Symptoms and Diagnosis

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/lung%20cancer%20symptoms%20and%20diagnosis/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/INaH2cY.jpg)

* may grow into blood vessels and cause bleeding

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/Zyvu0I4.jpg)

* benign if same prior
* see coin lesions, first thing to do is to compare with prior Xray

## Benign Lung Nodules

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/benign%20lung%20nodules%20causes/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/LheK6FL.jpg)

* granulomas: people previously with TB, sarcoidosis
* hamartomas: lesion made of normal tissues but disorganized

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/RWw3Lrf.jpg)

* fungal: can be very mild/asymptomatic
* also prior mycobacteria

## Primary Lung Cancer

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/primary%20lung%20cancer%20types/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/aLUJlS8.jpg)

* small cell rare but much worse

### Small Cell

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/small%20cell%20lung%20cancer%20demographics%20and%20histology,%20symptoms/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/cUycJCa.jpg)

* **Kulchitsky cells**: sea of undifferentiated small cells
* **neuroendocrine**: associated paraneoplastic symptoms
* **neuroendocrine**: NSE, NCAM, CD56, chromogranin, synaptophysin
* occur centrally in lung

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/1EdNSCh.jpg)

### Non Small Cell

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/nonsmall%20cell%20cancers%20include/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/z2SGziv.jpg)

#### Squamous

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/squamous%20histology,%20demographics,%20symptoms,%20characteristics/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/etxbDjd.jpg)

* near center of chest right when primary bronchi branches

#### Adenocarcinoma

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/adenocarcinoma%20characteristics,%20demographics/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/oIoI6Ef.jpg)

* tumor in nonsmoker and peripheral: think adeno

#### Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/bronchioloalveolar%20carcinoma%20characteristics,%20types/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/KKThqeT.jpg)

#### Large Cell Carcinoma

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/large%20cell%20carcinoma%20characteristics,%20demographics/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/Q7UbHUZ.jpg)

* doesn't fit in other types
* very poor prognosis

#### Carcinoid

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/carcinoid%20tumor%20in%20lung%20characteristics,%20symptoms/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/jKeHSZJ.jpg)

* even though has name, rarely causes carcinoid syndrome, more common with GI tumors met to liver

## Complications

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/lung%20cancer%20complications%20and%20symptoms/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/gnFwl8V.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/eie6zYT.jpg)

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/hu7LIWd.jpg)

* steroids shrink tumor

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/FDEuciC.jpg)

* different from SVC, just arm edema, no facial edema
* irritating nerves: shoulder pain radiating

## Metastasis

[\_](https://github.com/thisispiggy/my-wiki/tree/601ff771dc2fac1318ae8b59435ac8485628fd81/01%20Step%201/Pulmonary/lung%20metastasis%20from%20and%20to/README.md)..

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/yR7cWy0.jpg)

* adrenal: asymptomatic

![](https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/wikiFiles/sE5K2Fr.jpg)