10 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

• pyruvate dehydrogenase to acetyl coa to TCA

• lactate: RBC without mitochondria and muscles. Muscles release lactate to blood to go back to liver

• alanine: alanine carry nitrogen to liver, extract nitrogen to urea

• must enter mitochondria for gluconeogenesis and acetyl coa

• 1st step for gluconeogenesis in mito

• outer: just a pore

• once inside mito

• high ATP, slow TCA, high Acetyl- coa and activates pyruvate carboxylase, preferential shunt towards gluconeogenesis

• acetyl coa also inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase

• E1 adds thiamine PP to pyruvate and release CO2

• E3 keeps lipoic acid in proper form

Thiamine

• TPP active form, 2 phosphates from ATP

• thiamine deficient, cannot convert pyruvate to acetyl-coa, no ATP

FAD

• used in oxidative phosphorylation

NAD

• first 4 all used in pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes

Lipoic

• Ca activator in skeletal muscles when exercising

• whenever pyruvate not metabolized, build up in mito and shunted towards lactate

• fat converted to acetyl coa without going through pyruvate